Volume overload and fluid congestion are a fundamental issue in the assessment and
management of patients with heart failure (HF). Recent studies have found that in acute
decompensated heart failure (ADHF), right and left-sided pressures generally start to
increase before any notable weight changes take place preceding an admission. ADHF may
be a problem of volume redistribution among different vascular compartments instead of, or
in addition to, fluid shift from the interstitial compartment. Thus, identifying heterogeneity of …